Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. As such, collection, storage, and handling are important issues in maintaining the integrity of this specimen. Composition of urine normal urine is a yellow fluid. In table i a summary is given of the average composition of mouse urine. Urine and its composition online notes on microbiology. Urine composition and function chemistry libretexts. Urine which is infected with gramnegative organisms often has a distinctive unpleasant smell. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents. The factors which modify urinary volume are water intake, exercise, climate, diet and physical state. In a small cohorts study, cameron et al compared the urine composition of 24 patients with dm who were not stoneformers to 59 normal volunteers. In the normal adult, 600 to 2500 ml of urine formed daily. A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine. Protein urine level an overview sciencedirect topics.
The presence of significant levels of protein or sugar in urine indicates potential health concerns. The normal osmolality of random urine specimen varies from 4050 m,osmolkg. Biochemical composition of normal urine article pdf available in nature precedings november 2011 with 16,174 reads how we measure reads. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration. The urinary volume is not constant and varies according to many factors even in health. Learn urine composition with free interactive flashcards. Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.
Its main components are normal urea, nacl, kcl, creatinine, uric acid, phosphates. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine researchgate. A high dietary protein and alcohol intake leads to increased ph, while vegetables and fruit. They found that dm patients had a significantly higher serum glucose levels 7. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. The electrolytic pretreatment of urine is described, a mass balance is presented, a discussion of the electrochemistry of the process is given, and a typical composition of electrolyzed urine is listed. Nitrogen was mainly 90% present as ammoniacal n, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. Describe the characteristics of a normal urine sample, including normal range of ph, osmolarity, and volume. For example, high protein diets result in more acidic urine, but vegetarian diets generally result in more alkaline urine both within the typical range of 4. The normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as. Difference in 24hour urine composition between diabetic. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys to remove waste products from the bloodstream. Chronically high or low ph can lead to disorders, such as the development of kidney stones or osteomalacia. Human urine is yellowish in color and variable in chemical composition, but here is.
Urea is a nitrogencompound, and it makes up about 2% of urine. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of. Note compounds you ordinarily do not find in human urine in appreciable amounts, at least compared with blood plasma, include protein and glucose typical normal range 0. Normal chemical composition of urine urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared. Biochemical composition of normal urine atif amin baig lecturer, faculty of medicine and health sciences, universiti sultan zainal abidin. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Decreased ph by the utilization of glucose by bacteria. The urine of patients with diabetes mellitus may have a fruity acetone odor because of ketosis.
The ph of normal urine is generally in the range 4. The exact composition of nutrients in urine varies with diet, in particular nitrogen. The urinary systems ability to filter the blood resides. Urea is the most concentrated waste product in the urine. We will look at the estimated amounts in normal urine. Normal urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber but is usually a. The physical pro perties of urine concentrates were determined in the ranges 4 to 90 percent. Choose from 94 different sets of urine composition flashcards on quizlet. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is. Standardizing the experimental conditions for using urine.
Urine is an unstable fluid, and changes to its composition begin to take place as soon as it is voided. Total solids in urine add up to around 59 grams per person. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pdf biochemical composition of normal urine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration urea 9. The normal range for 24hour urine volume is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day. The ph hydrogen ion concentration of the urine can vary more than fold, from a normal low of 4. It is abundant, readily available, easily stored and can be collected by simple, noninvasive techniques. Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra cellular metabolism generates many byproducts that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. What is the chemical composition of urine quora curiosity can you survive a desert by drinking your own urine normal makeup of urine saubhaya what is the chemical equation for urine quora. In the laboratory, urine can be characterized by physical appearance, chemical composition, and. The general characteristics of urine are as follows. The normal osmolality of 24 hours urine specimen varies from 500800. Urine boundless anatomy and physiology lumen learning.